Publications
“Sonar Image Synthesis - techniques and applications”, Acoustics Bulletin, vol. 28. Institute of Acoustics, Sanford, Sanford, UK, pp. 24-29, 2003.
, “Preliminary Report on Issues Affecting the Usability of Data Collected During October 2006 WASSP Tests in New Hampshire”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2006.
, “Simultaneous Display of Chart and Navigation-related Information”, AIS: Maritime Communication in the New Era. St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2001.
, “Why Do We Keep Turning Time into Space?”, in Understanding Dynamics of Geographic Domains, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, LLC, 2008, pp. 3-12.
, “Origin of continental margin morphology: submarine-slide or downslope current-controlled bedforms, a rock magnetic approach”, Marine Geology, vol. 240. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 19-41, 2007.
, “Real-time Monitoring of Uncertainty due to Refraction in Multibeam Echo Sounding”, The Hydrographic Journal. Hydro International, Clevedon, Somerset, UK, pp. 3-13, 2010.
, “Paleomagnetic Chronology of Arctic Ocean Sediment Cores: Reversals and Excursions -The Conundrum”, EGS-AGU-AUG Joint Assembly. Nice, Nice, France, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “Field Verification of MBES Error Models”, International Conference on High-Resolution Survey in Shallow Water (HRSSW). Plymouth, Devon, UK, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Vection”, ACM Computer Human Interaction (CHI). Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 233-234, 1996.
, “Physiography of the Eastern Mendocino Ridge, NE Pacific Ocean”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, 2009.
, “Evidence for an Independent Luminance Channel”, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 73. The Optical Society of America, pp. 1379-1382, 1983.
, “Inland ECDIS Development and Standardization”, International Hydrographic Office (IHO), CHRIS, 2004.
, “Lidar as a Shoreline Mapping Tool”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Norfolk, VA, USA, 2007.
, “Ground-truthing benthic habitat characteristics using video mosaic images: Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing”, American Fisheries Society Symposium, vol. 41. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA, pp. 171-179, 2005.
, “Comparison Between Physical Sediment Samples and Grain-size Estimates from GeoCoder”, International Hydrographic Conference (HYDRO). Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 2009.
, “Interactively Visualizing Oceanographic Time-varying Oceanographic Data”, Offshore Technology Conference (OTC). Houston, TX, USA, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Modeling uncertainty in the lidar-derived NOAA shoreline”, Joint Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise Coastal Mapping and Charting Workshop (JALBTCX). Mobil, AL, USA, 2010.
, “On the Estimation of Errors in Sparse Geophysical Datasets”, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 107. American Geophysical Union , Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 14-14, 2002.
, “Fast Hill Shading with Specular Reflection and Cast Shadows”, Computers and Geosciences, vol. 15. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1327-1334, 1989.
, “Inland ENC Encoding Guide”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2005.
, “Five Years of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans”, International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Monaco, Monaco, Monaco, pp. 1-18, 2007.
, “Calculation of in situ acoustic wave properties in marine sediments”, in Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability on Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance, no. N.G. Pace & F.N. Jensen, Dordrecht, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Press, 2002, pp. 115-130.
, “Electronic Charts: A Real-time GIS for Vessel Navigation”, GIS Professional. PV Publications Ltd, pp. 20-22, 2006.
, “Geodatabase Development to Support Hyperspectral Imagery Exploitation”, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). Honolulu, HI, USA, 2010.
, “Lake Tahoe's submerged record of active faulting is characteristic of the Basin and Range”, Geological Society of America (GSA), vol. 33. Cedar City, UT, USA, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “Development of a high frequency underwater acoustic intensity probe”, IEEE Oceans. Biloxi, MS, USA, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “The impacts of a non-accepted boundary claim: Russia's frontier in the Arctic Ocean”, Association of American Geographers (AAG). Boston, MA, USA, 2004.
, “Target acquisition in Fish Tank VR: The effects of Lag and Frame Rate”, Graphics Interface (GI). Banff, Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-7, 1994.
, “New Approach to Autoextraction and Attribution of Airport Obstructions from LIDAR Data”, Transportation Research Board (TRB) . Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, 2008.
, “The Compilation and Analysis of Data Relevant to a U.S. Claim Under United Nations Law of the Sea Article 76: Maps”, U.S. Congress, 2002.
, “A Surprise Occurrence in Acoustic Bottom Backscatter Measurements Conducted in the Eastern Bering Sea”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Norfolk, VA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2007.
, “Visual Interactive Stimuli Techniques: Exploring Data Using Behavioral Animation”, Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, vol. 15. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 161-181, 2004.
, “Lidar Obstruction Surveys and Imagery Data for Airport Applications”, International Conference on Transport Infrastructure (ICTI). Beijing, Beijing, China, 2008.
, “Africa Partnership Station”, Department of Defense (DoD), Office of Naval Research (ONR), 2009.
, “High Resolution Mapping of Mines and Ripples at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 32. IEEE, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 133-149, 2007.
, “Airborne Laser Survey Specifications and Quality Management Protocols for Airport Obstruction Surveys”, Transportation Research Record, vol. 2214. International Hydrographic Bureau, Monaco, Monaco Cedex, Monaco, pp. 117-125, 2011.
, “Inferring the Vertical Turbulent Diffusion Coefficient from Backscatter Measurements with a Multibeam Sonar”, Acoustical Society of America (ASA). Austin, TX, USA, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “High-resolution Delineation of Acoustically Homogeneous Areas in Multibeam Backscatter Maps”, Gulf of Maine Symposium. St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, 2009.
, “Analysis of the Effects of Numerical Dispersion on Pulses in Finite-difference and Pseudospectral Time-domain Methods”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 110. Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY, USA, pp. 2618-2618, 2001.
, “MIOs: The What, Why, and How: Seaways”, ACM Computing Surveys. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, pp. 13-15, 2008.
, “Dealing with increasing data volumes and decreasing resources”, IEEE Oceans. Biloxi, MS, USA, pp. 0-21, 2002.
, “Bathymetry and Seafloor Acoustic Backscatter Imagery with a Volume Search Sonar”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 115, pp. 0-1, 2004.
, “Bat Brushes: On the uses of six position and orientation parameters in a paint program”, ACM Computer Human Interaction (CHI), vol. 189. Austin, TX, USA, pp. 155-160, 1989.
, “IASC/IOC/IAO Editorial Board for the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean”, Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), 2001.
, “Acoustic Backscatter and Remote Seafloor Characterization”, International Marine Technicians Symposium (INMARTECH). Woods Hole, MA, USA, 2006.
, “Automated Segmentation of Seafloor Bathymetry from Multibeam Echosounder Data Using Local Fourier Histogram Texture Features”, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 285. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 355-370, 2003.
, “e-Navigation, ECDIS and MIOs: At Present and in the Future”, eNavigation Conference. Seattle, WA, USA, 2008.
, “Seafloor Acoustic Remote Sensing with Multibeam Echo-Sounders and Bathymetric Sidescan Sonar Systems”, Marine Geophysical Researches, vol. 15. Springer Publisher, New York, NY, USA, pp. 27-42, 1993.
, “CUBE User Guide”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2006.
, “ECDIS and ENCs: Where are We Heading?”, CARIS. San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2001.
, “Remote estimation of surficial seafloor properties through the application Angular Range Analysis to multibeam sonar data”, Marine Geophysical Researches, vol. 28. Springer Publisher, New York, NY, USA, pp. 119-126, 2007.
, “Geocoder: An Efficient Backscatter Map Constructor”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA) - Web-based GIS Data Display and Management System for Oil Spill Planning and Environmental Response”, Coastal Geotools. Myrtle Beach, SC, USA, 2009.
, “Beyond bathymetry: Mapping acoustic backscattering from the deep seafloor with Sea Beam”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 79. Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY, USA, pp. 0-0, 1985.
, “Security in the Open Navigation Surface Model”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2004.
, “Mosaic tools for lidar surveying”, Joint Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise Coastal Mapping and Charting Workshop (JALBTCX). Seattle, WA, USA, 2007.
, “Preliminary Studies of the Impact of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Environments (New Hampshire, USA)”, International Conference on Coastal Sediments (ICCS). Clearwater Beach, FL, USA, pp. 0-13, 2003.
, “Underwater behavior of humpback whales in a western North Atlantic foraging area”, Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals (CBMM). San Diego, CA, USA, 2005.
, “Simultaneous Operation of the Sea Beam Multibeam Echo-Sounder and the SeaMARC II Bathymetric Sidescan Sonar System”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 15. IEEE, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 84-94, 1990.
, “Demonstration Project: Supervised LFH Texture Feature Classification of Gridded Bathymetric Data from Saint John, U.S. Virgin Island Survey, Western Subarea for Habitat Structure Class Prediction (Saint John West - LFH)”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2005.
, “Design as Applied Perception”, in HCI Models, Theories and Frameworks, no. J. Carroll, Burlington, MA, USA: Morgan Kaufman, 2003, pp. 10-26.
, “Fred Fisher's high pressure work with eyewash and epsom salts”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 120. Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY, USA, pp. 3299-3299, 2006.
, “4D Multimodal Visualization and Analysis of Seafloor Vents and Plumes”, Canadian Hydrographic Conference (CHC). Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, pp. 1-2, 2010.
, “Precise Distributed Timekeeping in Hydrographic Survey”, Systems Professional Surveyor Magazine, vol. 29. Flatdog Media Inc., Frederick, MD, USA, 2009.
, “Resolving the Ripples (and a Mine): High-Resolution Multibeam Survey of Martha's Vineyard ONR Mine Burial Program Field Area”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol. 83. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “Deep-water 'Reefs' of the Northern Gulf of Mexico”, ACM Computer Human Interaction (CHI). San Jose, CA, USA, 2002.
, “Haptic Gdraw: A fun and Easy to Use 3D Haptically Enhanced Sculpting Program”, EuroHaptics (EH). Munich, Bavaria, Germany, pp. 436-439, 2004.
, “Passive Force Feedback for Velocity Control”, ACM Computer Human Interaction (CHI). Boston, MA, USA, pp. 255-256, 1994.
, “Okeanos Explorer - Aligning Today's Technology to a New Paradigm of Ocean Exploration”, FEMME - Kongsberg (users conference). Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, 2009.
, “Constructing Composite Chart/Bathymetry Hybrids with Fledermaus”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2003.
, “AIS Binary Messages, Domain Examples and a Case for a XML Message Definition Language”, USCG Puget Sound VTS. Seattle, WA, USA, pp. 1-47, 2007.
, “Drowned barrier-island complexes and shelf-edge deltas on the northwest Florida outer continental self”, Geomorphology, vol. 64. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 133-166, 2004.
, “Semivariogram textural classification of JERS-1 (Fuyo-1) SAR data obtained over a flooded area of the Amazon rainforest”, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 19. Taylor & Francis, pp. 549-556, 1998.
, “Observations of River Topography and Flow Around Bridges”, Ohio State University
, USGS Water Resources Research Institute, 2009.
, “From High-Denisty Bathymetry to Next Generation ENC”, International ECDIS Conference. Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 0-0, 2001.
, “Analysis of Lidar Leaf Penetration Indices for Selected Plant Species in a Coastal Marsh and Correlation with Terrain Elevation Accuracy”, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS). Baltimore, MD, USA, 2009.
, “Vertical Object Identification in Full-Waveform Topographic Lidar Data”, Joint Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise Coastal Mapping and Charting Workshop (JALBTCX). Seattle, WA, USA, 2007.
, “A 60 k.y. record of extension across the western boundary of the Basin and Range Province: Estimate of slip-rates from offset shoreline terraces and a catastrophic slide beneath Lake Tahoe”, Geology, vol. 33. The Geological Society of America (GSA), pp. 365-368, 2005.
, “The High Frequency Backscattering Angular Response of Gassy Sediments: Model/Data Comparisons from the Eel River Margin, California”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 111. Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY, USA, pp. 2621-2631, 2001.
, “Visual Thinking with Interactive Diagram”, Lecture Notes on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 5223. Springer Publisher, New York, NY, USA, pp. 118-126, 2008.
, “Crater Lake Revealed: Using GIS to Visualize and Analyze Post Caldera Volcanoes Beneath Crater Lake”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol. 82. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2001.
, “Automated Interpretation of Sidescan and Single-beam Sonar for Characterization and Mapping the Extent of Subtidal Oyster Reefs”, National Shellfisheries Association (NSA). Mystic, CT, USA, pp. 0-0, 2002.
, “Comparison of Extended Kalman Filtering with Split-aperture Processing for Angle of Arrival Estimation in Multibeam Echo-sounding”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 119, pp. 0-3, 2006.
, “Waveform characterization, clustering and segmentation of SHOALS”, Joint Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise Coastal Mapping and Charting Workshop (JALBTCX). St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2004.
, “Sidescan Sonar Image Enchancement Using a Decomposition Based on Orthogonal Functions. Applications with Chebyshev Polynomials”, IEEE Oceans. St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 942-947, 1991.
, “A Workable Schema for Editing Multibeam Backscatter”, Shallow Water Survey Conference (SWS). Durham, NH, USA, 2008.
, “Modern Surface Morphology of the Eastern Juan de Fuca Strait”, Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), 2001.
, “Long Range Side Scan Sonar for Fishery Research”, Oceanology International (OI). London, London, UK, 2006.
, “Diagramming Information Structures Using 3D Perceptual Primitives”, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (CHI), vol. 10. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-19, 2003.
, “Open Geoscience: Using Free and Open Source Software for Research and Education”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). Orlando, FL, USA, 2008.
, “The Foundations of Experimental Semiotics”, Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, vol. 4. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 91-100, 1993.
, “FishPAC Field Report for the Free-fall Cone Penetrometer”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2006.
, “Robustness in Automatic Processing of Multibeam Echosounder Data”, International Conference on High-Resolution Survey in Shallow Water (HRSSW). Portsmouth, NH, USA, pp. 0-0, 2001.
, “Seafloor Mapping and Exploration in a Changing Arctic Sea Ice Environment”, in Changes in the Arctic Environment and the Law of the Sea, vol. 33, no. M.H Nordquist, J.N. Moore & T. Heider, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff legacy_publishers, 2010, pp. 83-106.
, “Acoustic Propagation in Bubble Clouds Exhibiting Spatial Structure in the Fluctuating Number Density”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 32. IEEE, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 513-523, 2007.
, “Seafloor Sounding in Polar and Remote Regions (SSPARR) Project - Initial Field Trials”, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union . San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “Hydrographic Learning 24/7”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Biloxi, MS, USA, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “Concept: IALA AIS Binary Messages Web Site for Message Catalog and Register”, International Association of Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA-AISM). Key West, FL, USA, 2009.
, “3-D visualization for pelagic fisheries assessment and research”, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol. 59. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, pp. 216-225, 2001.
, “Bathymetric Artifacts in Sea Beam Data: How to Recognize Them and What Causes Them”, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 91. American Geophysical Union , Washington DC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 3407-3424, 1986.
, “Estimation and Visualization of Seafloor Uncertainty - Annual Report”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2004.
, “History and Activities of GEBCO Guiding Committee”, Symposium on Application of Marine Geophysical Data and Undersea Features. Incheon, Sudogwon, Korea, pp. 4-13, 2007.
, “Contour Perception and Components of the Visual Array”, Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers. Rochester, NY, USA, 1977.
, “Glaciogenic Bedforms on the Chukchi Borderland, Morris Jesup Rise and Yermak Plateau: Three Prolongations of the Arctic Ocean Continental Margin”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, 2008.
, “Detection of Direct-path Arrivals for Multi-narrowband Sequences (3-30 kHz) in Shallow Water”, American Institute of Physics (AIP), vol. 728. La Jolla, CA, USA, pp. 478-488, 2004.
, “Sediment Characteristics of Submarine Landslides on the Upper East Australian Continental Margin--Preliminary findings”, American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1-1, 2010.
, “The Use of Multibeam Sonars to Image Bubbly Shipwakes”, Underwater Acoustic Measurements: Technologies & Results (UAM). Heraklion, Crete, Greece, pp. 0-0, 2005.
, “The Navigation Surface: A New Database Approach to Creating Multiple Products from High-Density Surveys”, International Hydrographic Review, vol. 3. Geomatics Information & Trading Center - GITC, Lemmers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 12-16, 2002.
, “Enhancement of Underwater Video Mosaics for Post-Processing”, IEEE Oceans. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2007.
, “A Color Sequence Editor”, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 9. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA, pp. 338-341, 1990.
, “R/V Kilo Moana EM1002 Status Report”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2005.
, “Characteristics of Several Tsunamigenic Submarine Landslides”, in Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences: First International Symposium, no. J. Locat & J. Mienert, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 2003, pp. 357-366.
, “A Process for Producing Ice Coverage Marine Information Objects (MIOs) in IHO S-57 Format”, International Hydrographic Review, vol. 7. Geomatics Information & Trading Center - GITC, Lemmers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 55-63, 2006.
, “High Resolution Calibration of a Multibeam Echo Sounder”, IEEE Oceans. Seattle, WA, USA, 2010.
, “Improved Approach to LIDAR Airport Obstruction Surveying Using Full-Waveform Data”, Journal of Surveying Engineering, vol. 135. Amercian Society of Civil Engineers , Reston, VA, USA, pp. 72-82, 2009.
, “Is the central Arctic Ocean a sediment-starved basin?”, Geophysical Research Abstracts (GRA), vol. 5. St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “The Rise and Stall of ECDIS: Where are We heading?”, International ECDIS Conference. Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 0-0, 2003.
, “Aplicação de geoprocessamento, processamento digital de imagens e fotogrametria terrestre no rastreamento litofaciológico de afloramentos (Use of geoprocessing, digital image processing and terrestrial photogrametry for tracing lithof”, Brazilian Symposium of Quantification on Geosciences (BSQG). Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil, pp. 0-0, 1995.
, “CHARTS data fusion: Multi-sensor imagery co-registration”, Coastal Geotools. Myrtle Beach, SC, USA, pp. 62-63, 2009.
, , “Development Notes: The CCOM Implementation of CUBE”, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM)/Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC), 2003.
, “Specification Format for AIS Binary Messages for Providing Hydrographic-related Information”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Norfolk, VA, USA, pp. 0-21, 2007.
, “Multibeam Error Management: New Data Processing Trends in Hydrography”, Hydro International, vol. 8. Geomatics Information & Trading Center - GITC, Lemmers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 6-9, 2004.
, “e-Navigation and Electronic Charting: Implications for Hydrographic Community”, U.S. Hydrographic Conference (US HYDRO). Norfolk, VA, USA, 2009.
, “Assimilation of Airborne Imagery with Lidar for Surf Zone Bathymetric Estimation”, U.S. Army, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX), 2009.
, “Application of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) Digital Atlas in the Delineation of Continental Shelves Under Article 76”, Journal of Ocean Technology, vol. 3. Journal of Ocean Technology (JOT), pp. 24-29, 2008.
, “Comparison and Evaluation of Publicly Available Global Bathymetric Grids”, GEBCO. Lima, Peru, Peru, 2010.
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